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In wet fire sprinkler systems, the piping system contains water that is discharged automatically from sprinkler heads when activated by heat or flame. This is the most common type of fire sprinkler system.
Wet systems are simple and reliable, reacting quickly in the presence of fire. In general, these systems require relatively lower installation costs than other systems.
Unlike wet fire sprinkler systems, dry pipe systems do not contain water in the pipes at all times. Instead, the pipes contain pressurized air, and water is released into the pipes only when a sprinkler head is activated.
This type of system is especially advantageous for protecting spaces where freezing is possible.
Deluge fire sprinkler systems are similar to dry pipe systems in that the pipes do not contain water. They differ from simple dry systems, however, in that the pipes are not pressurized and the sprinkler heads remain open. Additionally, when the system is activated, water flows out of all of the sprinkler heads of the system at once.
This total flood method is particularly effective in hazardous areas.
Pre-action systems are also similar to dry pipe systems and do not contain water in the pipes, which are normally pressurized. In pre-action systems, the valve that keeps water from entering the pipes is electrically or pneumatically operated. When the detection system is activated, water flows into the pipes, and then, like a wet fire sprinkler system, the water is discharged from sprinkler heads that have been activated by heat or fire.
The two-step process for water release helps avoid accidental discharge, making this type of system ideal for water-sensitive spaces.
Standpipe systems function as an extension of the fire hydrant system. These systems provide the building and fire department with access to a water supply through strategically placed hose connections.
Standpipe systems are commonly used in larger structures to aid the fire department’s access to all parts of the building. They can also be used in combination with other fire protection systems.
A fire pump is just one aspect of a fire protection system. Fire pumps are connected to a water supply and, through electric, steam, or diesel power, increase water pressure in the system.
Fire pumps are necessary when a water supply does not provide adequate water pressure on its own.
ESFR (Early Suppression, Fast Response) fire sprinkler systems are installed at the ceiling without the use of in-rack sprinklers. The sprinkler heads of ESFR systems sense fire faster and spray a higher volume of water at a higher rate than do conventional sprinkler heads.
ESFR systems are especially used for spaces with high piled storage.
Instead of water, these systems use foam, chemicals, or gas to suppress fires. These agents suppress fires by cooling the fuel that is causing the fire, stopping the fuel from coming into contact with oxygen, and preventing flammable gasses from being released into the air.
Foam, chemical, or gaseous fire suppression systems are used in refineries, processing areas, loading racks, and other spaces where flammable liquid is stored.